12 June 2026
Clearcut: What Forests Teach Us About the Necessity of Community in a Time of Fracture
By: Rosalind Watts, Ph.D.
MAPS Bulletin: Volume XXXVI

When scientist Suzanne Simard began her career in the timber forests of British Columbia, the prevailing belief was that trees competed with each other for resources. In Douglas Fir forests, ‘competitor’ species were eliminated, on the assumption that clearance would help the profitable Douglas Fir trees thrive. They didn’t: the forest as a whole struggled.
What Simard’s groundbreaking research revealed was something that Indigenous Peoples have known: trees are not lone competitors but members of a deeply interdependent system. Older ‘mother trees’ send nutrients through an underground mycelial network to weaker saplings. Diverse species support one another across the forest floor. The health of any one tree is inseparable from the health of the whole. It is only when the entire forest is allowed to grow together, in all its messy, different, interwoven complexity, that it truly flourishes.
I find myself thinking about this a lot right now. Because what was done to those forests, the severing of the underground connection, the belief that independence breeds strength, is also what has been done to us. We have been clearcut from community, from land, from each other, and we are not thriving.
The Lights Going Out
The documentary Magic Medicine introduces John, a participant in one of the first clinical trials of psilocybin for depression that I worked on. At the time, he was forty-five, a farmer with two children, and he had been living with treatment-resistant depression for years. He described it as all the lights in his house turning off. He was there, but he couldn’t see or feel any of the beautiful things around him because of the darkness. He had tried every medicine available, and he had almost no hope.
The documentary shows psilocybin sessions that had an immediate and profound impact on John’s depression. For several months afterward, he was back on the farm, in the fields, with his wife and children, present, alive, taking part in his own life. The lights had come on.
But as the film concludes, with the documentary maker visiting the farm many months later, we see that John is back in his room, with the door firmly closed. What I witnessed with John is what I watched with so many participants in the Imperial psilocybin for depression trials: a profound opening, some months of being more alive than they had been in years, and then the openness fading. Life was closing back over the top of it.
The medicine hadn’t failed, far from it, it turned the lights back on, and called someone home to themselves. But a flame lit in isolation will not stay lit for long. What so many people need after a profound opening is a circle around that fire: people who have been there too, who witness the process, tend the warmth together, and help the flame stay glowing when the cold winds of pressures and troubles move in.

Photo courtesy of Rosalind Watts
What Used to be Held Inside Community
John’s story points to something that the cultures that have stewarded these medicines for generations understood, and that modern Western culture has largely forgotten.
In 1955, an American banker persuaded María Sabina, a Mazatec healer from the mountains of southern Mexico, to let him sit in on a velada, the night-long ceremony in which she had worked with sacred mushrooms her whole life. He took photographs, and two years later, they appeared in Life magazine. The molecule was isolated in a Swiss laboratory, and what had been carried inside a living community of ceremony and song and land began a long journey into a culture that did not know how to hold it.
Near the end of her life, María Sabina said: ‘From the moment the foreigners arrived, the holy children lost their purity. They lost their force; the foreigners spoiled them. From now on they won’t be any good. There’s no remedy for it.’ (Álvaro Estrada, María Sabina: Her Life and Chants, 1981)
What she was describing was not a failure of chemistry, but a failure of the container. The medicine had been extracted from the circle that gave it meaning, and in that extraction, something essential was lost. The mushrooms, in Mazatec tradition, were not a drug that happened to grow inside a plant. They were a medicine held inside a cosmology, a community, a relationship to the land. We cannot extract one piece of a living system and expect it to do the work the whole system was doing.
The cultures that carried these medicines understood that the source intention of psychedelic healing is the relationship itself: with self, with community, with the living world. To extract the molecule without the circle is to lose the medicine’s deepest purpose. This is the inheritance we are working with now, and it reaches far beyond the psychedelic field into every corner of a culture that has forgotten how to hold its people.
The Atomization Epidemic
If we look at the culture many people return to after such openings, the picture is not encouraging.
We are living through what researchers increasingly call a polycrisis: overlapping, mutually reinforcing breakdowns in climate, economics, democracy, and public health. These crises share a common root: the widespread disconnection of humans from themselves, from each other, and from the living world. 20-30% of people in the US and UK report chronic loneliness. The U.S. Surgeon General has described social disconnection as a public health crisis, with the mortality risk of isolation equivalent to smoking fifteen cigarettes a day.
For most of human history, people lived in small groups of 50-100, with collective rites of passage, elders, and shared land. These are not romantic ideals; they are the conditions in which our nervous systems evolved. That infrastructure has been systematically dismantled by a culture that profits from atomization. We now expect individuals to do what villages once did, then we wonder why we’re exhausted. And when we’re that exhausted, we flop on the sofa, we reach for our phones, we numb, and we close the door.
This is not a moral failure; it’s a rational response to an irrational system. The system we have inherited is a pyramid: built on hierarchy, performance, competition, and extraction. It rewards dominance and attention, turns neighbors into strangers, and citizens into consumers. And it makes the conditions required for genuine community, presence, vulnerability, sustained attention to each other, feel not just difficult but countercultural. In a circle, by contrast, everyone can see each other, everyone is accountable, and everyone matters. Our oldest, deepest way of communing was to sit together around a fire, and that imprint is still within us; we have just been trained to forget it.
What is striking, and what the psychedelic field will have to reckon with, is that the Western approach to emotional healing has largely forgotten the circle. With rare exceptions like Alcoholics Anonymous, we have built a model of recovery that is individual, private, and clinical. That model is barely a hundred years old. Before it, for the entirety of human history, healing happened in community: witnessed, collective, embedded in relationship, land, and ritual.
The shift back toward that older understanding, community healing not as an alternative but as the default, is one of the most important conversations now beginning to happen in mental health. The psychedelic field has a particular role to play in it, because psychedelic experiences make the need for community so viscerally obvious.

Photo courtesy of Rosalind Watts
The Missing Container
There is a growing recognition in the psychedelic field that disconnection is not merely a symptom of individual suffering but its transdiagnostic root. Depression, addiction, PTSD, anxiety, across conditions and cultures, what underlies so much mental and emotional suffering is alienation: from self, from others, from the living world. This understanding is not new. The Māori model of health, Te Whare Tapa Wha, has long held that wellbeing comprises spiritual, mental, physical, and relational connectedness. The Shipibo conception of health similarly encompasses connectedness to self, community, and world. These are not alternative frameworks sitting at the margins of medicine; they articulate something the emerging science is beginning to catch up with.
My own qualitative research with participants in psilocybin trials identified two consistent shifts: an increased capacity to sit with difficult emotions, and a dramatically enhanced sense of connectedness, to self, to other people, and to the wider world. Participants described feeling, for the first time, that they genuinely belonged to life, to others, to something beyond the small defended self. This led to the development of the Watts Connectedness Scale, a psychometric tool now used across more than 200 research groups internationally to measure these three dimensions of connectedness.
Studies currently using it include Yvan Beaussant’s work on psilocybin-assisted therapy in cancer patients, Franklin King’s trial of psilocybin for irritable bowel syndrome, and research in the fields of spirituality, mental health, and far beyond, reflecting a growing recognition that disconnection underlies suffering across conditions far beyond depression and is a key health outcome to track. If connectedness emerges not as a side effect of healing, but as a central mechanism, then the missing mycelium – the underground web of community, belonging, and mutual care that our culture has so thoroughly clearcut – may turn out to be the most important intervention of all.
And yet, as the research also makes clear, connectedness can be temporarily boosted by psychedelic therapy, but ongoing communal and ecological work is needed to maintain it. In clinical trials, integration is built in but extremely limited, typically two or three follow-up sessions before the protocol ends. In retreat settings, briefer still. The field as a whole has invested enormous resources in the medicine and relatively little in the container that holds what the medicine opens. Without that container, people return to the same disconnected culture that made the escape feel necessary, and the lights go out again.
The science of community itself makes this gap urgent. A meta-analysis of 148 studies covering over 300,000 people found that strong social relationships increased people’s odds of survival by 50 percent, comparable to giving up smoking and stronger than reducing obesity or physical inactivity. Community is not a ‘nice extra’: it is medicine, in itself. And it is precisely what the current model of psychedelic therapy most consistently fails to provide.
When the Forest Answered
For years, I had been watching this gap from the inside, witnessing participants go through profound openings but then struggle to find the kind of ongoing community support they needed. It was only when I had my own dark night of the soul in the summer of 2020 that I found what I had been looking for, unexpectedly, in the arms of a tree.
I was a single parent, burnt out, writing papers about connectedness whilst being profoundly disconnected myself. One evening, the weight of it all caught up with me at once. I closed my laptop, walked out into the rain, and as I walked, I felt the rage rise up. The rage of generations of women, the rage of the earth, the rage of years of holding it together. The years of wanting what musician Alison Burns sings about – that ‘one fine day, the power of love will rise above the love of power,’ and it was not happening yet.
I was marching, trying to get far enough from the house so that I could scream, because I had so many silenced screams that had been building up. And as I marched, I stumbled into a maple tree that was in my path. I don’t know why I stopped, but I stood right against the bark and put my hands on either side, and let out a guttural roar.
And I felt something I hadn’t felt in a really long time. Held. By something ancient and solid and deep. Standing there, soaked through, cheek against the trunk, feet in the wet soil, I felt what deep connectedness actually feels like: to be held not just by a tree but by everything beneath it, by the vast underground network of roots and mycelium that connects every tree in the forest to every other. To be held in a strong circle, to not be alone, to be witnessed. And somehow, it was trees in the rain that did that for me.
I walked back inside that night, and the next morning, I started writing the structure of what would become ACER Integration— named after the tree that saved me, Acer campestre, Field Maple. ACER also stands for Accept, Connect, Embody, Restore, and is a global online community following a twelve-month nature-based cycle for strengthening connectedness to self, others, and the wisdom of trees in an ongoing and sustained way. It also supports members who want to go deeper to create their own local circles — islands of connectedness — in their own neighborhoods.
The people finding their way to our circles include a vibrant diversity. Kenneth, a former finance professional in his sixties, joined ACER after a psychedelic experience cracked open what he describes as ‘a shell of privilege, patriarchal values, and conditioned ideals of success’, and found, in community, a place where vulnerability was worth more than performance and where, as he put it, he could go ‘from a first-division asshole to a slightly nicer, warmer, more vulnerable person.’ He now makes pottery and supports local artists.
And Brandy, a psychotherapist from Oregon, who said she was surprised most by what became possible online: through the global community, she found a genuine sense of belonging that then moved into her local life, hosting small gatherings for friends and neighbors. ‘It starts with people you love,’ she said, ‘and then the people they love. That’s how the web grows.’
As bell hooks wrote: ‘Rarely, if ever, are any of us healed in isolation. Healing is an act of communion.’ Community-based integration models are beginning to be studied and compared. Social prescribing, the practice of connecting people to community and nature rather than clinical intervention alone, is gaining significant traction in healthcare systems. Peer support models, nature-based integration, and circle-based community practices are emerging across the field as people recognize the same thing Simard found in the forest: that health is relational.

Photo courtesy of Rosalind Watts
Connection as Resistance
There is something that fascist and authoritarian movements have always understood: that the destruction of community is a political project. Isolated people are easier to control, frightened people reach for strongmen. Atomized people cannot organize, cannot imagine alternatives, cannot hold each other. The pyramid depends on us forgetting that the circle was ever an option.
You can watch this logic playing out right now, even inside the world of psychedelic medicine itself. This year, the US Department of Defense will begin giving active-duty soldiers MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD. There is talk of dosing soldiers before they are ever traumatized, building the medicine into training like a kind of psychological armor. The ethnobotanist Dennis McKenna named the danger plainly: that we might use it to turn people into ‘more efficient killing machines.’
This is not simple, and I want to hold it carefully. A traumatized person deserves healing, whoever they are, whatever uniform they wear, and none of us stands cleanly outside the systems we are critiquing. But we come back to the same question I mentioned at the start, the question my mentor Sophy Banks reminds me to ask in moral dilemma situations of political complexity: what is the source intention of psychedelics? What is the medicine for? What would the plants themselves want to be used for?
If these medicines are for healing and connection, then to heal a traumatized soldier and return them to combat is to deliver them back to the source of their own trauma, and to require them to inflict it, in turn, on countless others. The concept of healing is inverted, made to serve the thing it exists to undo. A medicine of connection enlisted to support campaigns of annihilation.
Refusing to be complicit in a system using medicines of connection to sustain the machinery of killing is more challenging than one might think. Resisting political violence cannot be carried alone: it requires community, courage, solidarity, and integrity. It requires a willingness to face the personal cost of standing up for what we value, but that cost is bearable when we are held by the village, held by the circle.
The slow work of rebuilding local connection, sitting with neighbors, tending to the frightened parts of ourselves, learning to stay present with discomfort rather than numb it, is not a retreat from politics; it is one of its most necessary forms. The conversations we have in our kitchens can ripple outward and contribute to real, systemic change.
We have lost so much of the connective tissue that once held communities together, the shared green spaces, the open doors, the informal gathering places where people simply existed alongside one another without agenda. Rebuilding that, stitch by stitch, in whatever modest form is available to us, is as urgent as any campaign or petition.
The forest regenerates through the deep connections of the mycelial web, through countless invisible exchanges of nutrients and signals between roots. And the quality of those connections matters: not just the tender and the vulnerable, but loud and warm and joyful too, full of laughter and cathartic singing and dancing that shakes something loose that words never could. The strength of the whole emerges from the quality of the connections between the parts, the trust that rises up in a circle of people who once were strangers.
What I have witnessed over six years of this work is that when people are genuinely held in community, something shifts that individual interventions rarely sustain. They come home to their bodies, and they find they can feel difficult things without being destroyed by them. Their roots deepen, their branches reach toward others. They learn, slowly, to stand in the circle. In a time of manufactured division, that is not a small thing.
In a culture built on separation, choosing to belong is a revolution at the roots.
Rosalind Watts, Ph.D.
Dr. Rosalind Watts is a clinical psychologist, was clinical lead on a psilocybin clinical trial at Imperial College London and developed the Watts Connectedness Scale. She is the founder of ACER Integration, a nature-based global community for psychedelic integration, and the host of the upcoming Stand in the Circle podcast.

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